Art of molding



{N0 Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. PARMELEE.

ART OF MOLDING.

No. 366,869. Patented July 19, 1887.

ATTEST. INVENTOR. 6 /W;/ffwm N Priznayhim-unw nu. Wishmgton. n. c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet J. PARMELEE.

ART OF MOLDING. NO. 666,669. Patfillted July 19, 1887.

T ES I VENTOR- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JUSTIN PARMELEE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ART OF MOLDING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 366,869, dated July 19, 1887.

Application filed December 13, 1886. Serial No. 221,437. (No model.)

To all whmn it may concern:

Be it known that I, J USTIN PARMELEE, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in the Art of Molding; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this application.

My invention relates to the art of molding; and it consists in a new and useful improvement therein, which will be found hereinafter more fully explained, and which will be made the subject of the claim of this specification, in which claim my said improvement will be gonnd specifically pointed out and clearly dened.

In order to fully explain the nature or character of my improvement and the difference between the mode which I have devised and that heretofore practiced, I deem it desirable and necessary to first explain, briefly, the mode heretofore usually practiced for producing molds in sand for the casting of tubular and other hollow articles-such as pipe fittings, elbows, &c.-in' making which green sand cores are used,and to which my invention more especially relates.

Taking, for illustration, the making of a mold in sand for the casting of a pipe elbow or connection, the heretofore-practiced mode of producing the mold has been about as follows, namely:

The molder, having taken two followboards and placed within a cavity or aperture in each one a half-pattern of the article to be produced, (the pattern generally being made of metal,) first proceeds to fill in the pattern with sand, which also enters into and fills the depressions or curved cavities in the faces of the follow-boards, the lowermost adjacent portions of which cavities coincide with the hollowed-out end portions of the metallic patterns, a core-arbor (usually of metal) having been properly arranged within one of the patterns with its ends projecting into the said cavities or depressions that are formed in the face of one of the follow-boards, after which the properly-rammed sand is struck off in a manner well understood. These operations leave the two half-patterns in the two follow boards, with the sand core formed in halves in the said patterns respectively, and with the protruding ends of each half of said core supported within the depressions or cavities formed (as above mentioned) in said boards. The two follow-boards are next placed togeth er face to face, with that one containing the core-arbor preferably beneath the other, and the topmost follow-board is then removed, leaving the metallic half-pattern that was in it, and also that half of the sand core which had been formed within said half-pattern, resting properly in place upon the half-pattern and half-core of the remaining or lower follow-board, those portions of the upper half of the sand core which project beyond the upper half-pattern now coinciding with and resting upon the similar projections of the lower half of the sand core, that is supported by and that is still within the other halfpatternandlower follow-board. The exposed uppermost halfpattern is then rapped down in the usual manner to perfect the eylindricity of the core, (by forcing the adjacent edges of the metallic patterns into contact,) after which the pro jeeting ends of the upper half of the sand core arcsmoothed up and hardened by hand-pressure in the manner well understood by those skilled in the art. This is called making a parting, and after this the brush and bel lows are successively used in a manner well known to clean oif the top of the follow-board, and to also remove any sand from the angles and crevices of the exposed pattern, after which the projecting end portions of the upper half of the sand core are sprinkled with part ,ing sand, any superflnity of which is blown off from the top of the follow-board and from the angles and crevices in the usual manner. A half-flask is now put on top of this followboard and is filled in with sand (a sprue-stick having been inserted with its upper end projecting up to nearly the top of the flask) and the sand is thoroughly rammed in and struck off. As usual, in ramming the sand a rammer is used, (provided with both a peen and a butt, like a hammer,) the peen portion be ing used to ram in around the edges of the pattern and flask, while the butt is employed to ram down the middle portion of the sand. A roll-over board is then laid upon the top of this filled half-flask or half-mold, after 1 which the said flask, together with the rollover board and the follow-board beneath, are turned upside down on the floor or ground and the follow-board then taken off, leaving exposed the surface of the sand in the halfflask surrounding the pattern, also the end portions of theeompleted core of sand and the .which the top of the sand is'brushed and blown off clean. Then parting sand is applied to the whole sand surface, including the exposed end portions of the sand core, and all superfluity of parting sand having been blown out of the crevices and off of the metallic half-pattern, (so as to avoid any roughening of the surface of the molds to be yet made from said halfpattern,) another half-flask is put on top and is filled in with sand and rammed, as in the case of filling the previous half-flask, and the sand is then struck off, thus completing the other half of the mold. Then a bottom board is put on top of this last-filled half-flask, and, having been settled down into perfect contact with the upper edges of the flask, said bottom boardand top flask are then turned over or removed, and the half-pattern therein is then rapped and taken off, thus exposing thelower half of the core and its arbor. The two half flasks are then closed togetherand the bottom board put on, (without rubbing down to a bearing,) and the whole is turned over again,.or upside down, for the purpose of the removal of the rolling-board, after which the spruestick is taken out and the sprue-hole fixed, when the top half-flask is removed and the re maining half-pattern taken away from it, the gate to the sprue formed, and the mold finished up with a slicker. After this the usual sprinkling with'water is done to hold the sand securely together at the edges of the walls of the half-flasks are again put together and the mold is ready for the pouring of the metal tomake the casting.-

As is well understood by those familiar with the art of molding in thus practicing it according to the mode heretofore known, the method is such that the sand core is made first (within the metallic pattern-pieces) and the protruding or projecting end portions of said sand core are formed within the seats or depressions (made for the purpose) in the follow-boards, and'when the flasks come to be subsequently filled and rammed with sand to produce the two halves of the mold proper this filling in and ramming down ofthesandin the flasks has to be done on top of the exposed end portions of the sand core, and in the performance of these operations, even by experienced and skillful molders, there is always more or less liability or danger of breaking down? or spoiling these exposed end portions of the core, the'result of which is a greateror less mutilation of themold (in the sand) that is relied upon for the production of a perfect casting and an exact duplicate-of the pattern from which the mold is made. I propose by my invention to overcome entirely this serious objeetion, and in order to accomplish this desirable endI have devised and put into practical operation a mode or method of producing the molds, inwhieh the two halves of the mold proper are formed before the making of the core, and in which, during all the operations of filling and rammingin sand, (to make boththe mold proper and the core,) the sand employed never has to be filledin and rammed down on y a sand surface that constitutes a portion of either the mold or the core.

proceed to more fully explain it as compared with the foregoing general description of the old-fashioned method of molding, and to render the description of myimprovement in the art more explicit I will refer by letters of reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which I have shown an apparatus or appliances adapted to the carrying into effect of my improved mode of molding, and which are made like those which I have so far usedin practicing my said invention.

1n the drawings the different figures and parts hereinafter alluded to illustrate both the devices or apparatus which I employ in carrying on my mode of molding, and also the successive operations or steps which are necessary to my said improvement in'the art, as I will now proceed to explain. I

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the-followboard and half-pattern; Fig. 2, the same with the cope applied;Fig. 3,the same as'Fig. 2,filled with sand; Fig. 4, the same as Fig. 3 with a rolling-board applied; Fig. .5, a view of the cope inverted,the follow-board having been removed; Fig. 6, the same as Fig. 5, the hollow half-pattern having beenfilled with sand; Fig. 7, a

View of the drag, half-pattern, and core-bar, the drag being filled with sand and the parts in the same relative position as in Fig. 6; Fig. 8, a View of the cope with the drag placed thereon; Fig. 9, a view of the cope after the removal of the drag; Fig. 10, the same as Fig.

IIO

9, with the half-pattern removed; Fig. 1 1, a a

.lic flask, O, in the position seen at Fig. 2, and

then fill said flask with sand, which is rammed in in the usual manner and then struck offand sprinkled over, all as shown at Fig. 3. After this a plain rolling-board, I, is laid on top of the filled flask, (see Fig. 4,) and the said rolling-board, the filled flask, and followboard (with its half-pattern) are then all turned over,or upside down and the said follow-board removed, leaving the half-pattern embedded in the sand of said haltflask, (with the concave surface of the pattern uppermost,) the top edges of the metallic pattern being flush with the edges or on a level with the top edges of said half-flask, all as illustrated at Fig. 5. As will be seen from said last-mentioned figure, the half metallic flask O is formed or provided with semi-cylindrical inwardly-pr0ject-- ing flanges c, which very nearly meet and which coincide with the semi-cylindrical edges at the ends of the half shell or metallic pattern B, so that when sand shall be filled in (as is next to be done) to fill up the interior of said metallicpattern to make the first half of the core, as illustrated at Fig. 6, said sand will be supported at all points by either the said metallic pattern or these semi-eylindrical metallic projections c of the metallic half-flask. After the sand shall have been filled in to form one half of "the core, as shown at Fig. 6, the sand is struck off in the usual manner, the half-pattern having been first rapped,.however, so as to subsequently get a better lift, (which is not possible in the old mode because the core alwaysis in the half-pattern when the first opportunity occurs to get at the edge of the latter,) and the half-core and half-mold thus formed are then set one side.

It will be understood that there are registerpins 1) in the followboard A and in the said half-flask that are arranged to register with pins in the second follow-board and with the other half-flask.

The above-described operations are now repeated (with duplicate appliances) and with the other half of the pattern, except that an ordinary core-arbor, E, is applied in connec tion with the other l1alf,B,of the pattern, all as fully shown at Fig. 7, and in moving this last-mentioned flask and placing it on the top of the other, as seen at Fig. 8, the ends of the corearbor E are held up by the fingers ofthe operator, thus preventing any drop of the core and also holding the metallic pattern securely up in place. Now, the top half, 0, of the flask (see Fig. 8) is lifted off and put one side, thus exposing the upper one, B, of the two half-patterns, as seen at Fig. 9,which'halfpattern B is then rapped and lifted off, as shown by Fig. 10. After this the half-flask O is put back into its former relationship with the other flask, (see Fig. 8,) and after the application toits top of a rolling-board, I, the combined parts or appliances are all rolled over,or turned upside down, and the board I removed, when, with a sprueeutter or hollow tubea hole is made down to the metal gate, (formed on the remaining half of the pattern.)

clearly shown at Fig. ll, and the other half flask,O,is lifted off and the other hal t pattern, B,is removed (with its gate) alter having been properly rapped. The edges of the wall of the mold are then wetted and the well-hole is blown out-,after which the flasks are reunited or put back into the condition seen at Fig. 11, ready for pouring. In putting the parts of the flasks together they are fastened by ordinary clamping devices-such as seen at c-after which the usual steady-pinsflare knocked out.

Now, it will be observed that in proceeding as above described, with appliances such as I have illustrated and have herein alluded to, there never is any ramming of sand against sand to distort any of the parts of either the mold proper or the sand core, and that, therefore, in the use of my improved mode, by the employment of appliances (or a eontrivanee) substantially such as shown and described, the molding operations can be performed with perfect success by comparatively unskilled hands.

It is important that the semi-cylindrical metallic projections c of the metallic flasks should be made and arranged so that the ends which are adjacent to the metallic half patterns (when the latter are placed in the proper position on the follow-board) should not come into contact with said pattern, in order that a thin layer or stratum of sand shall always lie intermediate of these ends of these semicylindrical projections and the wall of the mold against which the hot metal is to come in pouring, and from which the casting is to receive its shape.

Of course appliances more or less different in the details of construction from those I have herein shown and described may be devised and employed for the purpose of carrying out my improvement in the art of molding, although the appliances which I have shown I have found to give perfect satisfaction in practical operation, and they constitute the subj ectmatter of another application for Letters Patent by me (No. 221,438, filed December 13, 188(3) on the apparatus or appliance for earrying into effect the improvement in the art made the subject of this case.

Not only am I enabled by my present invention to avoid all liability of those imperfections in the finished casting which are so apt to arise under the mode of producing the molds heretofore employed, but I am furthermore enabled to produce the molds for the making of perfect castings without the use of skilled labor, and thus at very much less expense than it has heretofore been possible to accomplish such results.

Having now so fully explained lny invention as to enable those skilled in the art to easily distinguish between my improvement in the art of molding and said art as heretotofore practiced, and to use my improvement, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

As an improvement in the art of making sand molds for cored articles, first making ramming in of the sandfor any of the parts of the halfmolds from the metallic or other patthe mold against the sand composing any other terns, and subsequently making the-halves of portion of the mold or its core. the sand core within the patterns in'the halt In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my 5 flasks, then uniting the halves of the core and hand this 28th day of October, 1886.

closing the flasks containing the half-molds, 7 (after the removal of the patterns,) all sub- JUSTIN PARMELEE' stantially in the manner hereinbefore ex-' In presence of. plained, whereby I avoid, during the forma- JNO. WETFORD, 10 tion of the mold and core, the filling in or i W. S. VERITY,Jr. 

